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I'm going to deviate a bit from your question, since you asked a bunch of questions, and aim at the implied question underneath: "is there any hope for a non-expert?"
A Synology network attached storage device (NAS) provides reasonably good answers to the question "how can I have privacy and have some backups" without being a Linux expert.
It ships with apps that replace common cloud services with local backup equivalents.
It can also be configured to do local encryption before backing up to a cloud service, for data where disaster resilience is more critical than privacy (i.e. a library of family photos).
Edit: And as others have explained - we must always remember that the cloud is just someone else's computer.