this post was submitted on 05 Aug 2024
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Hey, I developed some of these for a different use case at my job.
Generally they use BLE servers to query and update every BLE device one after the other.
I would venture to guess that these tags have a ublox BMD-3xx variant controlling them and you can connect via Bluetooth low energy every X hours.
If you just want the displays they use, here are some kits:
https://www.tinytronics.nl/nl/displays/e-ink
It's also quite common for updates to be sent using a ceiling-mounted infrared transmitter, like this brand which is common where I am:
https://www.pricer.com/products/devices/electronic-shelf-labels
People have figured out the data formatting to update some of the lower-security variants (including that "Pricer" brand):
http://furrtek.free.fr/index.php?a=esl