Yes, we don't have a universal definition of intelligence but we in general everyone would agree that knowledge is not intelligence. Simply storing information does not make anything intelligent. Book is not intelligent, Wikipedia is not intelligent, hash map is not intelligent.
ExLisper
No, a hash map is not intelligent. There's no processing in the hash map. The input is not processed in any way, you directly use it to find the corresponding out put. Think about it this way: if you take a hash map with all possible inputs and print it out, will the paper be intelligent? You can still use this paper to map each input to an output, it holds all the same information the hash map did but obviously a mountain of paper is not intelligent. So you scan it back and store in a computer. Did it suddenly become intelligent now? Of course not, it's still just a static collection of information. Information is not intelligent.
No, infinite hash map is still not intelligent, not even by the standards used in computer science. It's not a one-layer network, it's not a network at all. To talk about network nodes form layer 1 would have to connect to multiple nodes in layer 2. The signal would have to be processed somehow. Extremely big one layer neural network could be intelligent for all we know. In theory some consciousness could emerge from sufficiently complex system like that. In a hash map there's no processing though, not matter how big it is. You simply take element A and return element B mapped to it. The operation is always the same. Making this map bigger does not add complexity, knowledge or alter how it's processing inputs. Big hash map is just like a small hash map, only bigger.
It's not that it's not science. Different sciences simply define intelligence in different ways. In psychology it's mostly the ability to solve problems by reasoning so 'human like' intelligence. They don't care that computers can solve the same problems without reasoning (by brute force for example) because they don't study computers. In computer science it's more fuzzy but pretty much boils down to algorithms solving problems by using some sort of insights that are not simple step-by-step instructions. The problem is that with general AI we're trying to unify those definitions but when you do this both lose it's meanings.
The question is not if something is a patter matcher or not. The question is how this matching is done. There are ways we consider intelligent and ways that are not. Human brain is generally considered intelligent, some algorithms using heuristics or machine learning would be considered artificial intelligence, a hash map matching string A to string B is not in any way intelligent. But all this methods can produce the same results so it's impossible to determine if something is intelligent or not without looking inside the black box.
If you want to get philosophical the truth it we don't know what intelligence is and there's no way to identify it in a black box. We may say that something behaves intelligently or not but we will never be able say if it's really intelligent. Turing test check if a program is able to chat intelligently. We can come up with a test for solving math intelligently or driving car intelligently but we will never have a test for what most people understand as intelligence.
No, a dictionary is not intelligent. A dictionary simply matches one text to another. A HashMap is not intelligent. But it can fool a human that it is.
It's not making Turing test obsolete. It was obvious from day 1 that Turing test is not an intelligence test. You could simply create a sufficiently big dictionary of "if human says X respond with Y" and it would fool any person that its talking with a human with 0 intelligence behind it. Turing test was always about checking how good a program is at chatting. If you want to test something else you have to come up with other test. If you want to test chat bots you will still use Turing test.
I remember when I used to keep my fully configured distros below 700MB so I could just dump it all to a CD as a backup. Good days.
Depends on the company I guess. But yeah, people would probably just laugh at me for being careless.
I once pushed a git commit with youtube link as the commit message. Nothing terrible, some completely random video. Still, it looked really weird in the commit history. Turns out you can edit this if you have access to the server and I did have access to the server.
One time in the same company I found a random youtube link in the middle of a java class. Yes, it was still compiling. No I didn't commit it.
Yes, that's the whole point. You can turn substitute computer program by a hash map and the results would be the same but everyone in general agree that a hash map is not intelligent. Defining exactly why it's not intelligent is tricky though. It comes down to some very basic concepts that we understand intuitively but are very hard precisely define like what it means to 'know' something or to 'understand' something. One famous example is a very good dictionary: let's say some guy has a very good Chinese dictionary. A Chinese speaking person can write question down and give it to this guy. He will look up every symbol in the question, translate it to English, respond and translate the response back to Chinese using the same dictionary. Does he 'speak' Chinese? He can communicate in Chinese but obviously he does not speak it. Does he 'understand' Chinese? Again, not really, he can just look up symbols in a dictionary. Specifying the exact reason why we would not say that he can 'speak' Chinese is difficult thought. It's the same with intelligence. We intuitively understand why a book is not intelligent but to say exactly why is tricky.