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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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(Chicken) Scheme.
Schemes have one of the best and most interactive interpreters Is general purpose, allows functional, procedural and OO programming, small disk size and compilable to native executables, Throughout documented and supplemented by years of research, simple setup.
It also is CGI compatible, if necessary.
Python.
Just remember to use pyenv for interpreter installation, version and environment management. It's pretty straightforward that way and you have predictability.
Don't ever manually fiddle with the system python and/or libraries or you'll break your system. You should just rely on the package manager for that.
If you are interested in tiny lisp like languages, this gitlab could be of interest to you.
Full disclaimer, I came across it a few years back as I am the maintainer of arkscript (which will get faster and better in the v4, so that data about it there is accurate as a baseline of « it should be at least this good but can be even better now »).
nim is great, but it is >200mb (plus AFAIK it is compiled... does it also have an interpreter?)
The part where it's compiled is what makes it have no dependencies to actually execute
posix sh + awk for manipulating data?
Quickly came to write "AWK!!!!!!!!!" but yeah... you don't want its superiority... 😜
Perl would be my candidate for more advanced text handling than what sh can do.
Never used Lua but I think it's fun.
If nothing else works, just learn C/Rust. There's plenty of that on Linux systems, I think you'll be able to manage. Yes, it doesn't meet a lot of your requirements.
There's always nushell. It's fairly new, not quite to 1.0 yet (0.96.1 at time of writing), but the constant breaking changes seemed to have stopped. It hits all your points and it's quite fun to use when writing scripts. Bonus that it's also pretty much tailor-made to manipulate data.
You should probably check out Guile.
Why not give (Common)LISP a try?
Could use a hipster shell like fish, nushell or elvish. I know the latter two have the functional support you're looking for.
Bro seriously just slap pyenv + pyenv-virtualenv on your systems and you’re good to go. They’re absolutely trivial to install. Iirc the latter is not a thing in windows, but if you’re stuck on windows for some reason and doing any serious scripting, you should be using WSL anyways.
Why does it need to be a scripting (by this I assume interpreted) language? For your requirements - particularly lightweight distribution - a precompiled binary seems more appropriate. Maybe look into Go, which is a pretty simple language that can be easily compiled to native binaries.
It is possible to wrap something like python into a single file, which is extracted (using standard shell tools) into a tmpdir at runtime.
You might also consider languages that can compile to static binaries - something like nim (python like syntax), although you could also make use of nimscript. Imagine nimscript as your own extensible interpreter.
Similarly, golang has some extensible scripting languages like https://github.com/traefik/yaegi - go has the advantage of easy cross compiling if you need to support different machine architectures.
You could use Ansible for automation just keep in mind it needs python.
@gomp Small footprint? Why not try forth. https://forth-standard.org/
Not sure how big node footprint is but would fit the bill. Would only recommend if you wanna go into web dev career in the future tho 🙃