this post was submitted on 21 Nov 2023
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Linux
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Yup. Took me weeks to figure out why I explicitly need to use sudo nvim for my nginx config on my Pi, while on my server my little helper script could automatically use sudo for me. Turns out, I chmoded the sites-available and sites-enabled on my pi to 644 but left them untouched on my server.
I still don't know what numbers would be 644 but with execute permissions, but in the end, idc.
You can also do
chmod +xto add the executable bit to whatever the existing perms are.0: no permissions
+4: read
+2: write
+1: execute
I often go
chmod -R go+rX .if I want to give read-only access to whatever I'm working on to everyone else. The capitalXonly sets the executable bit on directories.644 and 755 are the two most useful octal codes to remember because they make up the majority of files on your system. 644 is user read/write but read-only for everyone else. 755 adds execute to that, useful for scripts and directories.
Other than that, the most common other things are setting access for group and others to zero, so your ~/.ssh directory is 700 (rwx for you, no access for anyone else) and the private keys in it are 600, rw for you, no access for anyone else).
For those that don't know, you can use three numbers, zero through eight, with the chmod command. it takes the binary of each digit to set the permissions.
Nah, that command just makes the file below average quality. It's a new command added by Gen Z.
Execute just adds 1, so if you want the dir world viewable, it's 755.