Selfhosted

one piece i highly recommend is running your torrent solution in a container with the network set to a gluetun container. no fuss, no muss, vpn'd torrenting.

for the nas piece, im a big fan of the nas device being single purpose. its life should only exist in fileserving. i have several redundant nas devices and then a big ol app server.

my goal is the ron popeil method of 'set it and forget it'

I just went with a plain boring Ubuntu box, because all the "purpose built" options come with compromises.

Granted, this is about as hard-mode as this can get, but on the other hand I have 100% perfect support for any damn thing I feel like using, regardless of the state of support of whatever more specialized OS is for aforementioned thing.

I probably wouldn't recommend this if you're NOT very well versed in Linux sysadmin stuff, and probably wouldn't recommended it to anyone who doesn't have any interest in sometimes having to fix a broken thing, but I'm 3 LTS upgrades, two hardware swaps, and a full drive replacement, and most of a decade into this build and it does exactly what I want, 95% of the time.

I would say, though, that containerizing EVERYTHING is the way to go. Worst case, you blow up a single service and the other dozen (or two, or three....) keep right on running like you did absolutely nothing. I can't imagine maintaining the 70ish containers I'm running without them actually being containers and/or without me being a complete nutcase that runs around the house half naked muttering about the horrors of updates.

I'm not anti-Cloudflare, so I use a mix of tunnels, their normal proxy, as well as some rawdogging of services with direct port forwards/a local nginx reverse proxy.

Different services, different needs, different access methods.

I have been extremely happy with Unraid. It is by far the most beginner-friendly option and there isn’t an easier solution when it comes to expanding capacity. I run my nzb client and all of my *arr containers on it. My media server is on a used SFF PC I grabbed for cheap — so QuickSync can run on the bare metal. It’s been a great stack for years.

Married, we both work from home, and we’re in an apartment.

First, all of my weird stuff is not between her work and living room pcs and the internet. Cable modem connects to normal consumer router (openwrt) with four lan ports. Two of those are directly connected to her machines (requiring a 150-ish foot cable for one), and two connect to my stuff. All of my stuff can be down and she still has internet.

Second, no rack mount servers with loud fans, mid tower cases only. Through command line tools I’ve found some of these are in fact capable of a lot of fan noise, but this never happens in normal operation so she’s fine with it.

Separately I’d say, have a plan for what she will need if something happens to you. Precious memories, backups, your utility and service accounts, etc. should remain accessible to her if you’re gone and everything is powered off - but not accessible to a burglar. Ideally label and structure things so a future internet installer can ignore your stuff and set her up with normal consumer internet after your business internet account is shut off.

Also keep in mind if you both switch over so every movie and show you watch only ever comes from Plex (which we both like), in an extended power outage situation all of your media will be inaccessible. It might be good to save a few emergency-entertainment shows to storage you can browse from your phone, usb or iXpand drive you can plug directly into your phone for example.

I have one mini-ATX server with four drives in RAID 10. I find it easier to manage everything in one device. It runs Proxmox, with Almalinux in a VM that runs my Docker containers. Yes, it's a layer of inefficiency, but I keep it that way partially because I migrated the VM to Proxmox from ESXi, and partially because I'm not confident in LXC being able to do everything Docker can.

I also run it that way because I have a handful of other VMs.

A LOT of questions there.

Unraid vs Truenas vs Proxmox+Ceph vs Proxmox+ZFS for NAS: I am not sure if Unraid is ONLY a subscription these days (I think it was going that way?) but for a single machine NAS with a hodgepodge of drives, it is pretty much unbeatable.

That said, it sounds like you are buying dedicated drives. There are a lot of arguments for not having large spinning disk drives (I think general wisdom is 12 TB is the biggest you should go for speed reasons?), but at 3x18 you aren't going to really be upgrading any time soon. So Truenas or just a ZFS pool in Proxmox seems reasonable. Although, with only three drives you are in a weird spot regarding "raid" options. Seeing as I am already going to antagonize enough people by having an opinion, I'll let someone else wage the holy war of RAID levels.

I personally run Proxmox+Ceph across three machines (with one specifically set up to use Proxmox+ZFS+Ceph so I can take my essential data with me in an evacuation). It is overkill and Proxmox+ZFS is probably sufficient for your needs. The main difference is that your "NAS" is actually a mount that you expose via SMB and something like Cockpit. Apalrd did a REALLY good video on this that goes step by step and explains everything and it is well worth checking out https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu3t8pcq8O0.

Ceph is always the wrong decision. It is too slow for enterprise and too finicky for home use. That said, I use ceph and love it. Proxmox abstracts away most of the chaos but you still need to understand enough to set up pools and cephfs (at which point it is exactly like the zfs examples above). And I love that I can set redundancy settings for different pools (folders) of data. So my blu ray rips are pretty much YOLO with minimal redundancy. My personal documents have multiple full backups (and then get backed up to a different storage setup entirely). Just understand that you really need at least three nodes ("servers") for that to make sense. But also? If you are expanding it is very possible to set up the ceph in parallel to your initial ZFS pool (using separate drives/OSDs), copy stuff over, and then cannibalize the old OSDs. Just understand that makes that initial upgrade more expensive because you need to be able to duplicate all of the data you care about.

I know some people want really fancy NASes with twenty million access methods. I want an SMB share that I can see when I am on my local network. So... barebones cockpit exposing an SMB share is nice. And I have syncthing set up to access the same share for the purpose of saves for video games and so forth.

Unraid vs Truenas vs Proxmox for Services: Personally? I prefer to just use Proxmox to set up a crapton of containers/vms. I used Unraid for years but the vast majority of tutorials and wisdom out there are just setting things up via something closer to proxmox. And it is often a struggle to replicate that in the Unraid gui (although I think level1techs have good resources on how to access the real interface which is REALLY good?).

And my general experience is that truenas is mostly a worst of all worlds in every aspect and is really just there if you want something but are afraid of/smart enough not to use proxmox like a sicko.

Processor and Graphics: it really depends on what you are doing. For what you listed? Only frigate will really take advantage and I just bought a Coral accelerator which is a lot cheaper than a GPU and tends to outperform them for the kind of inference that Frigate does. There is an argument for having a proper GPU for transcoding in Plex but... I've never seen a point in that.

That said: A buddy of mine does the whole vlogger thing and some day soon we are going to set up a contract for me to sit down and set her up an exporting box (with likely use as a streaming box). But I need to do more research on what she actually needs and how best to handle that and she needs to figure out her budget for both materials and my time (the latter likely just being another case where she pays for my vacation and I am her camera guy for like half of it). But we probably will grab a cheap intel gpu for that.

External access: Don't do it, that is a great way to get hacked.

That out of the way. My nextcloud is exposed to the outside world via a cloudflare tunnel. It fills me with anxiety but as long as you regularly update everything it is "fine".

My plex? I have a lifetime plex pass so I just use their services to access it remotely. And I think I pay an annual fee for homeassistant because I genuinely want to support that project.

Everything else? I used to use wireguard (and openvpn before it) but actually switched to tailscale. I like the control that the former provided but much prefer the model where I expose individual services (well, VMs). Because it is nice to have access to my cockpit share when I want to grab a file in a hotel room. There is zero reason that anything needs access to my qbitorrent or calibre or opnsense setup. Let alone even seeing my desktop that I totally forgot to turn off.

But the general idea I use for all my selfhosted services is: The vast majority of interactions should happen when I am at home on my home network. It is a special case if I ever need to access anything remotely and that is where tailscale comes in.

Theoretically you can also do the same via wireguard and subnetting and vlans but I always found that to be a mess to provide access both locally and remotely and the end result is I get lazy. Also, Tailscale is just an app on basically any machine whereas wireguard tends to involve some commands or weird phone interactions.

Acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations, contractions, and other phrases which expand to something larger, that I've seen in this thread:

[Thread #943 for this sub, first seen 31st Aug 2024, 15:55] [FAQ] [Full list] [Contact] [Source code]

I'm running something surprisingly close to most of what you're asking for sans the immich which I'm waiting on stability from them first. That warning at the time of their site that says it's under constant development and not to use it as your primary picture store is a bit worrisome.

Unraid with 2 video cards

• Plex Container (primary video card)
• Plex VM (pass through secondary card handles DVR and backups and it's also my steam remote provider)
• Home assistant VM (running it in a VM is nicer than a container because of HAOS)
• Jellyfin container
• All the video services pull from the same catalog. I use jellyfin frequently but secondarily, it is my backup in case Plex heads in a direction I don't like. They've already shown some indications I'm not going to like them in the future.
• Deluge+VPN container
• Cloudflare container (first set up is actually a pain in the ass)
• Tailscale plugin
• SearxNG container self-hosted search engine tool
• Pi hole in a container
• Pi hole on a raspberry pi

Plex gets accessed remotely via its own remote capabilities

Jellyfin gets accessed remotely via tailscale

SearXNG is access remotely via cloudflare

I have a secondary Plex server sitting on a raspberry pi with the backup pi hole

I am preparing to set up a peertube. Haven't had a lot of luck with the container on unraid. I run a fair amount of proxmox at work so I'll probably just use proxmox for it.

I run a separate dedicated system completely for my cameras. Not running frigate yet but I'll get around to it eventually using blue iris at the moment.

My unraid gets as much uptime as updates allow. I love being able to just jbod my media discs together and still have some protection with parity.

I find the containerized version of Plex to be more stable than my VM version but that's probably my own fault as I'm oversubscribing the vm.

I'm currently using Unraid for pretty much every thing you listed, and I love it so much. I really appreciate being able to set up almost everything through the web interface. It makes my hobbies feel fun rather than just an extension of my day job.

That said, I bought the licence before they switched to a subscription model. So if I were starting over I might look into free alternatives.

What my setup will soon be for hardware: Gen 2 AMD epic 16 core CPU, Supermicro motherboard with lots of pcie slots, 128g ram, Intel arc a40 GPU, HBA card attached to a super micro disk shelf

Software: Proxmox for host is, Truenas Scale (just NAS) in VM with HBA card passed into VM, Plex in VM with Intel GPU passed in, 3 VMs for docker swarm (headless Debian)

Other thoughts: Cloud flare will only be helpful for things you want exposed to the internet. If you do that make sure you have a reverse proxy. This is how I expose services for non-tech family.

VPN will be more secure, but can also be more of a pain. I generally only do that for things only I need or only techy savvy people will use.

Been running Unraid for almost a year. I was previously running Windows with nearly zero insight into the health of my apps, RAID, etc. Made me very nervous. Unraid makes it all so easy.

I'm running many of the apps you mentioned and the implementation of docker on Unraid is easy to install, update, etc. I used docker on Windows but it was not the same. I'm not a software dev, so I'm not sure why you said Unraid's docker implementation is hacky. It seems good to me.

The reason I switched to Unraid was I had to add more storage to my RAID and that was impossible in Windows without destroying the RAID and losing my data. I considered TrueNAS, but my understanding is the same is true. They're supposed to be adding that capability soon ™️ but who knows when that'll actually be available and reliable. Unraid let's you add more storage whenever and the drives don't have to match. I love the flexibility.

I use Nginx Proxy Manager docker to access my apps externally. My SO is not tech savvy and after setting up the individual apps with the domain I have, it's usually smooth sailing. If I ever need to do any mucking about with the server itself, I turn on UI teleport. I also have a PiKVM but have only needed to use it a couple times. It's just not necessary with how reliable Unraid is.

My server has an i5-6600 and utilizes QuickSync, which is great. More energy efficient than a dedicated GPU. I've considered adding a GPU but I haven't run into a situation where I need it.

Tldr: highly recommend Unraid.

I've gone the TrueNAS SCALE route myself, with TN running on bare metal. All my containers/apps are set up through it, and I've also spun up Windows and Linux VMs without major issues, including GPU and USB passthrough.

I do enjoy the security it gives me, will all my apps being versioned/snapshotted regularly and before every update, as well as the rest of my data. Since TN is only using ZFS and not something like MergerFS (which I believe is used by Unraid), the upgrade path is a bit mote restricted. So you should definitely look into your options up-front. For example, you won't be able to expand a vdev (virtual ZFS disk) later on, you'll have to create a new one. And you can only use equivalent vdevs to form pools. That means if you start with 3 drives in a vdev for your main storage pool, you can only expand that pool by adding anothet 3 drives with the same capacity as a secons vdev. So make sure you can stomach these costs, or go for fewer and cheaper drives, with a large case.

As for apps, you can set up docker apps easily, and there are a large number of officially or community-maintained apps, where any breaking changes and migrations are handled for you, so updating is a breeze. But you don't have a much flexibility as with a custom setup. TN has been becoming more generic in that regard though, switching from k3s to regular docker, so you could probably play around with stuff via the CLI without major issues.

Oh and one more thing: you should probably use a separate, dedicated device for Home Assistant. Use a Raspberry Pi or one of their official boards, and you'll have better support, more features, redundancy, and can still create backups on your NAS via SMB.
Such a second device that is also connected via Tailscale doesn't hurt either, just in case.

What I've realized in my (very limited) experience in selfhosting, it's always best to use a general purpose server OS rather than anything geared to a specific usecase, unless that's the only thing you're gonna use it for. So, if you want a separate NAS drive, then it's a good idea to use TrueNAS on it. But on your main server, it'll be best to use some sort of RHEL downstream distro like AlmaLinux.

My answer may not be quite as helpful for you, as you said you are a software dev and would probably pick up the more advanced options easier than me.

But for me, I was asking extremely similar questions to you a few months ago (still my only post on Lemmy, lol). I ended up trying unraid, proxmox, and truenas.

I went with unraid and have no regrets. It's been super easy and I now have the all in one server box I've wanted for years.

Unraid is bad at NAS and bad at docker. Go with a separate Nas and application server.

The way I’ve done it is Ubuntu Server with a bunch of Docker Compose stacks for each service I run. Then they all get their own subdomain which all runs through the Nginx Proxy Manager service to forward to the right port. The Portainer service lets me inspect things and poke around, but I don’t manage anything through it. I want it all to be super portable, so if Ubuntu Server becomes too annoying, I can pack it all up and plop it into something like Fedora Server.

I'm biased towards TrueNAS scale, because in my experience, it's been really rock solid, running on bare metal. It also allows you to setup things like Nextcloud/Tailscale/ a lot more, in 1 click from their "app store". It's also got all the virtualization bells and whistles. As for ZFS, again, just like everything else, it's been rock solid and setting up a ZFS pool is pretty much done for you when you install TN Scale.

As for remote access, I've always personally done it via a local Wireguard server and can't really compare it to tailscare or whatever cloudflare does... Because I've never used those.

If you need a GPU just for encoding, go on the 2nd hand market and pick up a used Nvidia RTX 2000/3000 card. Intel Arc could also work, but it's a bit quirky afaik...

Was there 6 months ago, I'll just share what I did: OS: I went with Unraid because you can mix different sized HDDs without loosing space, just make sure the parity disc is same size or bigger as the biggest one with data. I backup everything with duplicacy to a stupid nas (wd mybook i got 2nd hand) and to an external hosting via ssh.

Most CPU is used for video transcoding so I went with a 12th gen i3 12100, it's more than enough for my usage. Just don't make the same error as I did... I really recommend a better cooler than the boxed one. It can get loud when unmanic starts to converting bigger videos to h265.

My normal PC is fully team red as it just works better on Linux for gaming but for nas, 12th gen Intel seems to be the way to go as far as my research shows.

I don't use a gpu and the slot for it is used for a DELL perc h310 SAS controller in IT mode for more discs.

Most services are not exposed and I use wireguard to access my server remotely. Single docker services are exposed with nginx reverse proxy manager and dyndns, my domain is set to resolve to local IP addresses when at home or through vpn, this way I can always use the same hostnames with valid certificates. I use a simple bash script in a cron job to update my dns zone.

I have other hardware to play around and did work with proxmox and other solutions, but this NAS had to just work without lot of tinkering and I'm really happy with it.

After years of messing around with cheap and unreliable hardware and complicated setups, I settled to a very stable and simple setup: one huge Dell server with a lot of spare SAS bays and plenty empty memory slots, driven by Proxmox. Within it only 4 VMs: One for pfSense, one for Home Assistant, one for Docker, and one for Ispconfig, as I host for some friends. I ended up using Truenas as it was such a pain to maintain and totally useless for my use case. Proxmox is good enough to run a simple ZFS Nas if you don't need to manage dozens of shares and users. It's now so hassle free that I start to become inclined to brake something just for the sake of it.

Keep it as simple as possible to start with and then expand if you feel there is a need. No need for two servers. The first thing you should buy though is a book about basic network design and security if you're not familiar with it. It may feel like overkill now but future you will thank yourself.

As for the family in the same house... I try to make it as seamless as possible. Sometimes there is no need to tell them because the new service I set up integrates nicely with our devices. And sometimes I tell them "we have X now which does this, you can go to http://x.y.z.lan or use the app".

Some random and probably not very popular opinions.

• I would check out eBay for used parts and find a decent motherboard with an IPMI interface. Find an appropriate case with good reviews if you're not gonna mount your server in a rack.

--

• Install FreeBSD and use zfs in a raid configuration that fits you if you care about your data. Run all your services in separate jails and be done with it. You don't need Docker anyway for your private NAS.

--

• Plex, Jellyfin, the *arr stack and a few other resource hogging services have a nice web ui but that's about it. Do you really, really, need transcoding and all the features? Set up NFS, DLNA or whatever and use whatever client you like. I can't access my Jellyfin library right now because the backend is apparently too old (wtf). Meanwhile VLC and a few other more fancy frontend clients with cover art, ratings and stuff works just fine accessing the same files over NFS. You don't have to run some convoluted bullshit and reinvent the wheel every time just because you can.

I'm a very satisfied proxmox user and I have almost all applications deployed with VM or containers. If you're no a begginer into Linux/nas I think it is the best choice. On the other hand I would totally discard TrueNAS because it is too restrictive and hard to customize.

@sodamnfrolic @selfhosted

I've been running Unraid for over 5 years now and it has been great. I just checked the uptime on it and it's been running for 146 days, 11 hours, 31 minutes. I should probably check for updates...

I used to run a Threadripper 2950x with 64GB of RAM as my main system and built a new PC when Ryzen 5000 came out and the Threadripper system became the Unraid server. I threw it into a 24-bay, 4U Supermicro CSE-846 with a LSI SAS9211-8I HBA and an extra RTX 3060 I had for hardware transcoding Plex. I have 64TB of storage at the moment with no drive being larger than 8TB. Having 24 bays is nice for that. The server is in a rack in my cellar so sound isn't an issue for me. I've thought about switching to an Epyc setup just to have IPMI built into the motherboard instead of buying a separate KVM device

I have 8 containers and 5 VMs running. I have multiple VLANs setup on my UDM Pro and Juniper switches. A camera VLAN, one for IoT devices for Home Assistant. A Tailscale exit node container is all I use to access the server remotely. I also have a Rustdesk server VM setup for private remote desktop