this post was submitted on 15 Jun 2023
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Explain Like I'm Five

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Simplifying Complexity, One Answer at a Time!

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ELI5: The standard model of quantum physics (lemmy.world)
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What are the Particles and their categories?

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[–] library_patron@lemmy.blahaj.zone 6 points 1 year ago

Bonus Appendix: Catalog of Elementary Fermions in The Standard Model

Here is a list of the 32 elementary fermions in the Standard Model's first generation. The letters at the beginning tell you the answers to the five questions in order, and they are followed by one of the particle's names and its stats.

  • Grade 0 (zero "yes" answers):
    • NNNNN: left-handed electron antineutrino; hypercharge=0, isospin=0, color=black
  • Grade 1 (one "yes" answer):
    • YNNNN: right-handed antielectron (a.k.a., positron); hypercharge=+1, isospin=+1/2, color=black
    • NYNNN: right-handed electron antineutrino; hypercharge=+1, isospin=-1/2, color=black
    • NNYNN: right-handed red down quark; hypercharge=-2/3, isospin=0, color=red
    • NNNYN: right-handed green down quark; hypercharge=-2/3, isospin=0, color=green
    • NNNNY: right-handed blue down quark; hypercharge=-2/3, isospin=0, color=blue
  • Grade 2 (two "yes" answers):
    • YYNNN: left-handed antielectron (a.k.a., positron); hypercharge=+2, isospin=0, color=black
    • YNYNN: left-handed red up quark; hypercharge=+1/3, isospin=+1/2, color=red
    • YNNYN: left-handed green up quark; hypercharge=+1/3, isospin=+1/2, color=green
    • YNNNY: left-handed blue up quark; hypercharge=+1/3, isospin=+1/2, color=blue
    • NYYNN: left-handed red down quark; hypercharge=+1/3, isospin=-1/2, color=red
    • NYNYN: left-handed green down quark; hypercharge=+1/3, isospin=-1/2, color=green
    • NYNNY: left-handed blue down quark; hypercharge=+1/3, isospin=-1/2, color=blue
    • NNNYY: left-handed antired antiup antiquark; hypercharge=-4/3, isospin=0, color=antired
    • NNYNY: left-handed antigreen antiup antiquark; hypercharge=-4/3, isospin=0, color=antigreen
    • NNYYN: left-handed antiblue antiup antiquark; hypercharge=-4/3, isospin=0, color=antiblue
  • Grade 3 (three "yes" answers):
    • NNYYY: right-handed electron; hypercharge=-2, isospin=0, color=white
    • YYYNN: right-handed red up quark; hypercharge=+4/3, isospin=0, color=red
    • YYNYN: right-handed green up quark; hypercharge=+4/3, isospin=0, color=green
    • YYNNY: right-handed blue up quark; hypercharge=+4/3, isospin=0, color=blue
    • YNNYY: right-handed antired antidown antiquark; hypercharge=-1/3, isospin=+1/2, color=antired
    • YNYNY: right-handed antigreen antidown antiquark; hypercharge=-1/3, isospin=+1/2, color=antigreen
    • YNYYN: right-handed antiblue antidown antiquark; hypercharge=-1/3, isospin=+1/2, color=antiblue
    • NYNYY: right-handed antired antiup antiquark; hypercharge=-1/3, isospin=-1/2, color=antired
    • NYYNY: right-handed antigreen antiup antiquark; hypercharge=-1/3, isospin=-1/2, color=antigreen
    • NYYYN: right-handed antiblue antiup antiquark; hypercharge=-1/3, isospin=-1/2, color=antiblue
  • Grade 4 (four "yes" answers):
    • NYYYY: left-handed electron; hypercharge=-1, isospin=-1/2, color=white
    • YNYYY: left-handed electron neutrino; hypercharge=-1, isospin=+1/2, color=white
    • YYNYY: left-handed antired antidown antiquark; hypercharge=+2/3, isospin=0, color=red
    • YYYNY: left-handed antigreen antidown antiquark; hypercharge=+2/3, isospin=0, color=green
    • YYYYN: left-handed antiblue antidown antiquark; hypercharge=+2/3, isospin=0, color=blue
  • Grade 5 (five "yes" answers):
    • YYYYY: right-handed electron neutrino; hypercharge=0, isospin=0, color=white

The 32 fermions in the second generation follow the same pattern, but replace the word "electron" with "muon", the word "up" with "charm", and the word "down" with "strange". For the 32 fermions in the third generation, replace the word "electron" with "tau", the word "up" with "top", and the word "down" with "bottom".